Slumped Body Posture Drawing Ref

Introduction [edit | edit source]

Because of the ascension popularity of media devices such as smartphones and computers, frequent users frequently exhibit incorrect posture.

Forward head posture (FHP) is a poor habitual neck posture. It oft co-exists with Upper Crossed Syndrome

• Defined past hyperextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae.^[one]
• Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders and rounded upper back.
• Can lead to a painful shortening of the muscles of the back of the neck, equally well as pinch of the cervical vertebrae—the uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and protects the spinal cord.

Due to the increased compressive forces through the neck joints and increased musculus tension, hurting is the mutual effect. Some of the types of problems associated with FHP are:

• Headaches
• Neck discomfort
• Muscle tension in the neck and shoulders
• Discomfort in the mid back
• Breast pain
• Pain, pins & needles and numbness in the arms and easily

Many people develop chronic or recurrent problems because they receive treatment for the pain (e.g. hurting killers or anti-inflammatory medication) merely never receive treatment for the underlying crusade which is their FHP.^[two] This 4 minutes video is a brief summary of FHP

^[3]

Forward Head Posture - Affects on Health [edit | edit source]

FHP evaluation is clinically important for diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment.

• FHP increases compressive loading on tissues in the cervical spine, particularly the facet joints and ligaments.
• Studies have reported that symptoms including cervix pain, headache, temporomandibular pain, and musculoskeletal disorders are related to FHP
• FHP greatly influences respiratory part past weakening the respiratory muscles^[1].
• FHP tin have a negative impact on static balance.^[4]
• Forward head and round-shoulder postures (FHRSP) tin can result in shoulder pain and dysfunction because of altered scapular kinematics and muscle action and consequently, placing increased stress on the shoulder.^{[v] [6]}
• In the posterior cervical muscles there is stretching and weakness of Semispinalis cervicis and overaction with ultimate shortening of Semispinalis capitis. The respective flexor muscles in front end, namely, Longus cervicis and Longus capitis shorten and lengthen respectively.^[half-dozen]

Epidemiology/ Etiology [edit | edit source]

The overall prevalence of cervix pain in the general population is loftier, reaching 86.8%.^[7]

Hazard factors associated with forwards head posture include female gender, older age, being an ex-smoker, loftier job demands, and depression social or piece of work back up.^[7]

Etiologies include:

• Occupational posture: forrad or backward leaning of head for long durations, slouched or relaxed sitting, faulty sitting posture while using computer or screen.
• Issue of gravity: slouching, poor ergonomic alignment.
• Other faulty postures like pelvic and lumber spine posture.
• Sleeping with head elevated too loftier.
• Poor posture maintained for long durations.
• Lack of development of back muscle strength.

Clinical Findings [edit | edit source]

Include

• Muscle ischaemia, hurting and fatigue

  

• Decreased range of motility of cervical spine^[eight]
• Early disc degeneration and osteophyte formation
• Temporomandibular joint hurting and inflammation
• Tension Headache
• Increase in dorsal kyphosis and decrease in height
• Decrease in vital capacity and range of motility of shoulder and arm
• Possible protrusion of nucleus pulposus and nerve compression

• Mobility impairment in the muscles of the anterior thorax (intercostal muscles), muscles of the upper extremity ^[9]originating on the thorax (Pectoralis major et minor, Latissimus dorsi, Serratus inductive), muscles of the cervical spine and caput that attached to the scapula and upper thorax (Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalene, upper Trapezius), and muscles of the suboccipital region (Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, Obliquus capitis inferior and superior).
• Dumb musculus performance due to stretched and weak lower cervical and upper thoracic erector spinae and scapular retractor muscles (Rhomboids, centre Trapezius), anterior pharynx muscles (suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles), and upper-case letter flexors (Rectus capitis inductive and lateralis, superior oblique Longus colli, Longus capitis).
• With temporomandibular articulation symptoms, the muscles of mastication may accept increased tension (Pterygoid, Masseter, temporalis muscles).^{[10] [xi]}

Assessment [edit | edit source]

Cess of FHP is important to assess the impact of the therapeutic interventions.

• Clinical cess of FHP is washed through observation of the position of the head relative to the reference anatomical landmarks.
• Radiographic techniques can be used to measure out postural angles, but it is not ever practical.
• The craniovertebral bending is one of the most reliable methods and common angles for evaluating the FHP. Information technology examines head status relative to the 7th cervical vertebrae (C7). ^[12]

Physiotherapy Direction [edit | edit source]

• To Decrease Pain:

  

  1. Hurting direction advice

• Postural Alignment, Balance and Gait:
  1. Cervical Retraction
  2. Scapular Retraction
  3. Balance Grooming ( If dysfunction presents)

• Range of Movement, Joint Mobility and Flexibility ^[13]
  1. Cervical Range of Motion Exercises
  2. Shoulder Range of Motion Exercises
  3. Cervical Traction
  4. Thoracic Transmission Techniques and exercises
  5. Stretching Exercises of tight structures- Trapezius, Scalenes, SCM, Pectoralis Major and Pocket-size.

• To reduce spasm
  1. Myofacial release
  2. Ischemic Compression
  3. Positional release technique (to relieve tension headaches)

• 

  Muscle Force and Endurance
  1. Cervical isometric strengthening exercises (initial stage) progressing to isotonic and dynamic strengtening exercises.
  2. Strengthening exercises for scapular retractors (Rhomboids, middle Trapezius).^[14]

• Ergonomic Advice
  • Correct the number of pillows used
  • Postural corrections.

Outcome Measures [edit | edit source]

Occiput to Wall

VAS

References [edit | edit source]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Koseki T, Kakizaki F, Hayashi S, Nishida N, Itoh M. Effect of frontwards head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory office. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019;31(1):63-eight. Available from:https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc (terminal accessed 23.four.2020)
2. ↑ Centralcity Health professionals FHP Available from:https://www.centralcityphysio.com.au/forward-caput-posture/ (final accessed 23.iv.2020)
3. ↑ B Bradley Corrective Exercise for Forward Head Posture and Upper Crossed Syndrome Available from:https://www.youtube.com/spotter?v=JA3O0NVb-sk (last accessed 27.4.2020)
4. ↑ Lee JH. Effects of frontward head posture on static and dynamic residual control. Periodical of physical therapy science. 2016;28(1):274-7.
5. ↑ Fathollahnejad K, Letafatkar A, Hadadnezhad M. The result of manual therapy and stabilizing exercises on forward head and rounded shoulder postures: a six-calendar week intervention with a 1-month follow-upward report. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2019 Dec one;20(i):86.Bachelor from:https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2438-y
6. ↑ ^{half-dozen.0 6.1} Burt HA, Effects of faulty posture; President's Address. Proc R Soc Med. 1950; 43(3):187–194. Accessed 26 Feb 2019.
7. ↑ ^{seven.0 7.ane} Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. The relationship between forward head posture and cervix hurting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2019 Dec;12(4):562-77.
8. ↑ Kim DH, Kim CJ, Son SM. Neck pain in adults with forward head posture: effects of craniovertebral angle and cervical range of motility. Osong public wellness and research perspectives. 2018 Dec;9(half-dozen):309.
9. ↑ Weon JH, Oh JS, Cynn HS, Kim YW, Kwon OY, Yi CH. Influence of frontward head posture on scapular upward rotators during isometric shoulder flexion. Periodical of Bodywork and movement therapies. 2010 Oct 1;14(4):367-74.
10. ↑ Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic Exercises. Fifth Edition. United states of america: F.A. Davis Company.2007. p384-404.
11. ↑ Levangie PK, Norkin CC. Joint Structure and Function. Fifth Edition. Us: F.A. Davis Visitor. 2011. p501-37
12. ↑ Salahzadeh Z, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Behtash H, Razmjoo A, Gohari M, Parnianpour M. Assessment of forward head posture in females: observational and photogrammetry methods. Periodical of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2014 Jan 1;27(2):131-9.
13. ↑ Szczygieł E, Sieradzki B, Masłoń A, Golec J, Czechowska D, Węglarz Thousand, Szczygieł R, Golec E. Assessing the impact of certain exercises on the spatial head posture. International journal of occupational medicine and ecology health. 2019 Feb 27;32(i):43-51.
14. ↑ Im B, Kim Y, Chung Y, Hwang S. Effects of scapular stabilization exercise on neck posture and muscle activation in individuals with neck pain and forward caput posture. Periodical of concrete therapy science. 2015;28(3):951-5.

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